Advantages of minibus traveling
Travelling by minibus has a lot of advantages. If the group of people is small, there is no sense to take a big bus, because it consumes much more gasoline.

In minibuses often go on a trip companies, the members of which are well acquainted. The number of seats in such cars varies from 5 to 14. The advantages of the minibus include:

• maneuverability;
• speed;
• compactness.

A minibus is essentially a passenger car, only more spacious.

This kind of transport does not require a lot of space during stops. A minibus will pass through where the bus can not pass, for example, in the mountainous terrain. Maneuverable transport fits perfectly into the busy traffic on city highways. When renting it, you can build a route yourself, provide for stops and traffic schedule.

One and the same way by van can be overcome faster than by bus.

Disadvantages
Vans usually have limited space for passengers and their luggage, which can be inconvenient for long trips or for those traveling with large luggage. Also, minibuses usually don’t have the same comfort as buses or trains, especially if they are used for long trips.

Advantages of traveling by bus
The bus also has many advantages, it is convenient to travel by bus. Many people take it on excursions. This is the best choice for large groups of 20 or more people.

Buses practically do not depend on weather conditions, they continue their way in rainy weather and in strong winds, when, for example, planes do not fly.

Traveling by such transport, you can save money. The bus ticket will cost many times cheaper than the train or plane.

You can go on a trip with a solid company.

Buses are considered more convenient compared to minibuses, because they have more space. Passengers can safely stretch their legs. Many modern buses have WI-FI, phone charging and even a toilet. They are ideal for long trips.

When traveling by bus, you can take more luggage. In such transport there is a special luggage compartment – things do not need to be stored in the cabin, cramped.

Special mention should be made of double-decker buses designed for large tourist groups.

Disadvantages
Traveling by bus can take much longer than traveling by car, train or plane, especially if there is a significant distance to travel. This can be very inconvenient, especially for those who have limited time.

Conclusion
Travelers are attracted both by buses and minibuses. Both the one and the other type of transport is well suited for excursions. Buses are convenient to travel long distances in large groups, to other cities and even countries. In them, as in minibuses, you can sleep, read, listen to music, watch TV. They are equipped with air conditioning, they are comfortable to travel on at any time of year. Both transports are extremely popular, especially on holidays. Weekend bus tours attract travelers by their affordable price and interesting excursion programs. Minibuses are also rented for weddings and school trips. This type of transport is good for its maneuverability, it is often used for excursions in the mountains. Deciding what to go on a trip, compare the advantages of each option.

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Studying
The answer to the question, what to do on the bus? – is simple, you can use your free time to study. This option is suitable not only for students. You can, for example, gather information on a topic of interest for further promotion or a change of profession. Someone is interested in how to do hair, and someone the new trends in creating manicures.

Read
If traveling by bus is boring – try reading. An interesting book is sure to be found. You can take a paper edition with you on the road or download an electronic version. A long road is the perfect time to reread your favorite work or get acquainted with a new one, recommended by friends, someone from the family or a colleague.

Playing on your phone
Many people like to play on their phones while on the road. The main thing is to have a place to charge it, so that at the most inopportune moment you won’t be without a connection. Some people like to play solitaire, while others prefer complex games. This bus leisure option is ideal for young travelers, but sometimes older people don’t mind playing on the phone.

Watching a movie or TV series
Traveling by bus is great for watching a movie or TV series. Many vehicles have a small TV in the cabin – ask the driver to turn on something interesting. But there is no guarantee that the movie will be to your liking. It is better to download something to your tablet in advance.

Daydreaming
Bus tour gives you the opportunity to dream, to be given to pleasant thoughts. Many are on the way begin to imagine that they arrived at their destination – splashing in the sea, sunbathing, or sightseeing. Another good option is to start planning your next trip. Try to focus on good thoughts, and the time will fly by quickly.

Sleep
Most travelers don’t mind sleeping on the road. They use the trip to rest and arrive at their destination full of energy. Sleeping on the bus does not work for everyone, but if the road is long, you can take a nap at least a few hours. Once you arrive at your destination, you won’t have to waste time sleeping, and you can go straight to business or sightseeing after checking into the hotel.

Listen to music
Listening to music will help you relax on the road. Download a few songs on the phone in advance and do not forget to take headphones, so as not to disturb others. While on the road, you can listen to music and look out the window.

Drawing
Some people manage to draw on the road. This desire usually appears in people with artistic skills. They capture on paper, what they see out the window and during stops. It can be a sketch or an idea for a big picture. The main thing is not to forget to bring sheets of paper and pencils. Drawing is a leisure activity that is sure to appeal to children. Thanks to this activity the kids will be less cranky on the road.

Work
If possible, try to work on the road. This option is suitable for those who did not have time to finish something before the trip and do not want to waste time. On the road you can finish a project, make a plan for upcoming events, write several articles. The work on the road is unlikely to be fruitful, but you can do something.

Get acquainted with fellow travelers
Many travelers are eager to get acquainted with fellow travelers, communicate with them on various topics. This is a great opportunity to make new friends, especially if it’s a tourist trip. The earlier the meeting takes place, the greater the chance that the trip will be interesting.

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The Pacific Coast Highway

The Pacific Coast Highway bus route is one of the most popular tourist attractions in California. Every year, millions of people travel along the coast to see the beautiful scenery and experience the unique culture. If you’re planning a trip to California, here’s everything you need to know about the Pacific Coast Highway bus route.

The Pacific Coast Highway bus route runs from San Diego to San Francisco. The journey takes about 10 hours, but it’s worth it for the stunning views of the ocean and the coastal towns. Along the way, you’ll pass through Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Monterey, and Carmel-by-the-Sea. There are also plenty of stops for photo opportunities, so make sure you have your camera ready!

If you’re looking for a more leisurely trip, there are also several day tour options available. These tours typically include stops at some of the most popular tourist destinations, such as Disneyland or Universal Studios Hollywood. Day tours are a great option if you want to experience everything that California has to offer without having to worry about finding accommodation or getting around on your own.

Route 66 – The Mother Road

Route 66, also known as the Mother Road, is one of the most iconic roads in America. Stretching from Chicago to Los Angeles, the 2,448 mile long road passes through eight states and three time zones. Originally built in 1926, the road was a way for people to travel west during the country’s westward expansion. Today, the road is a popular tourist destination for those looking to experience a piece of American history. Route 66 is also a popular essay topic in US schools and colleges. https://ibstudenthelp.com offers essay writing services for students who need help writing about this topic or any other topic related to their IB diploma.

The route begins in Chicago, Illinois and ends in Santa Monica, California. Along the way, there are many attractions and sights to see. Some of the most popular stops include the Cadillac Ranch in Amarillo, Texas, the Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona, and the Painted Desert. There are also many small towns along the route that have their own unique charm.

If you’re planning on taking a trip down Route 66, there are a few things you should keep in mind.

First of all, the road is divided into two sections – east and west. The east section begins in Chicago and ends in Tucumcari, New Mexico. The west section picks up in Albuquerque, New Mexico and ends in Santa Monica.

Secondly, it’s important to plan your trip ahead of time as some parts of the road are less traveled than others and may not have gas stations or restaurants.

Lastly, make sure you take your time and enjoy the ride!

The Blue Ridge Parkway

The Blue Ridge Parkway bus route is a great way to see everything the parkway has to offer without having to worry about driving. The bus runs from early May through late October, and there are multiple pick-up and drop-off points along the way. You can also hop on and off at any of the parkway’s many attractions, including hiking trails, picnic areas, and scenic overlooks. Best of all, the bus is free to ride!

If you’re interested in taking the Blue Ridge Parkway bus, there are a few things you should keep in mind.

First, the bus only runs on weekdays; there is no service on weekends or holidays. Second, seating is first-come, first-served, so it’s important to arrive early if you want to guarantee a spot. Finally, please be sure to respect the other passengers and refrain from talking loudly or playing music without headphones.

The Great River Road

The Great River Road is a network of highways that follow the course of the Mississippi River. Spanning 10 states and 3,000 miles, the Great River Road is one of the longest scenic routes in the United States.

The Great River Road bus route is a great way to see the sights and sounds of the Mississippi River. The bus tour follows the river from its source in Minnesota all the way to its delta in Louisiana. Along the way, passengers will see some of America’s most iconic landmarks, including the Gateway Arch in St. Louis and Graceland in Memphis.

The Great River Road bus tour is a great way to see America’s heartland and learn about its history and culture. The tour takes approximately two weeks to complete, and reservations can be made online or by calling 1-800-BUS-RIDE.

There are many reasons to take the Great River Road bus tour.

First and foremost, it’s a great way to see America’s heartland. The bus tour takes passengers through 10 different states, each with its own unique history and culture. In addition, the bus tour follows the path of the mighty Mississippi River, one of America’s most iconic waterways.

Another great reason to take the Great River Road bus tour is that it’s an affordable way to travel. The cost of the tour includes your transportation, lodging, and meals. You’ll also have a professional tour guide with you throughout the journey to answer any questions you may have about the places you’re visiting.

Conclusion

While there are many scenic bus routes in America, the four mentioned above stand out for their natural beauty and historical significance. The Pacific Coast Highway offers stunning ocean views, Route 66 is a legendary road with rich cultural heritage, the Blue Ridge Parkway boasts breathtaking mountain scenery, and the Great River Road follows the mighty Mississippi River. Whether you’re looking to experience America’s natural wonders or explore its vibrant history, these bus routes offer an unparalleled travel experience.

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Size is key – make sure to pick a bus that’s big enough for your family

One of the most important things to consider when choosing a camping bus is size. You need to make sure that the bus is big enough to comfortably accommodate your entire family, as well as all of your gear. If you have a large family, or if you like to bring along a lot of gear, you’ll need to make sure you choose a bus that’s on the larger side. Otherwise, you might find yourself feeling cramped and uncomfortable on your trip.

Consider Your Budget

Of course, budget is always a consideration when making any major purchase. Camping buses can range in price from a few thousand dollars to tens of thousands of dollars. So, it’s important to have a good idea of how much you’re willing to spend before you start shopping around. Once you’ve established your budget, you can start looking at buses that fall within your price range.

Consider the features you need – like bathrooms, kitchens, and beds

Bathrooms

The number of bathrooms you need in your camping bus will depend on the size of your family and how long you’ll be on the road. A good rule of thumb is one bathroom for every four people. So if you have a family of four, you’ll want at least one bathroom. If you’re planning on being on the road for more than a week, you might want to consider adding an extra bathroom. That way, everyone will have plenty of space to get ready in the morning without feeling cramped.

Kitchens

You also need to think about how many kitchens you need in your camping bus. If you’re only going to be cooking simple meals, then one kitchen will probably be enough. But if you’re planning on doing a lot of cooking or entertaining, then you might want to consider adding a second kitchen. This will give you plenty of space to work in and will make mealtime a lot more enjoyable.

Beds

Finally, you need to think about how many beds you need in your camping bus. If everyone in your family is comfortable sleeping in the same room, then you can probably get by with just one bed. But if you want everyone to have their own space, then you’ll need to add more beds. A good rule of thumb is one bed for every two people. So if you have a family of four, you’ll want at least two beds.

Test drive different buses to see which one feels best

The minivan is a popular choice for campers because it’s relatively small and easy to maneuver. Plus, it gets good gas mileage, which is important if you’re going to be doing a lot of driving. However, one downside of the minivan is that it doesn’t have a lot of storage space. So, if you’re planning on bringing a lot of gear with you on your trip, you might want to consider another option.

An SUV is a good choice for campers who want more space than what a minivan has to offer. Plus, SUVs tend to have more features than minivans, such as four-wheel drive and better ground clearance. However, one downside of an SUV is that it can be more difficult to drive than a smaller vehicle like a minivan. And, of course, SUVs also get worse gas mileage than smaller vehicles. 

If you really want to go all-out on your next camping trip, then you might want to consider renting an RV. RVs come in all shapes and sizes, so you can find one that’s perfect for your needs. Plus, RVs have all the amenities you could possibly want – from kitchens to bathrooms to bedrooms. However, RVs can be very expensive to rent, and they can also be difficult to drive if you’re not used to handling a large vehicle. 

Conclusion

With these guidelines in mind, you should be well on your way to choosing the perfect camping bus for your family. Just remember to keep the size of your family in mind, consider what features you need, and find a bus that fits both your budget andyour needs. And finally, don’t forget to take it for a test drive! With a little bit of research, you’ll be sure to find the perfect camping bus for your next big adventure.

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One of the key factors influencing the stimulation of gamblers has always been a car. At the entrance to most casinos, you can see a brand new foreign car, carefully wrapped in a bow. It is this “gift” that heats up the excitement, attracting more and more visitors.

Who owns the car?

But, the owner of such a valuable prize is not always the casino. Most often, the car is provided by an official supplier or dealer. At the same time, most often, the automobile concern requires the casino to comply with strict conditions. As a rule, the gambling establishment must advertise the dealer, buy a car from him for official purposes or pay up to 20% of the value of the prize car. The conditions are determined by the budget that a particular casino has. Most often, the car belongs to the owners of the casino. Deception in this case is excluded, and there is a good reason for that. If an official dealer participates in the promotion , he acts as a guarantor between the gambling house and customers. In this case, the dealer sets not very favorable conditions for the customer of the action. Casino owners are forced to buy a car for personal use, that is, for a raffle, and advertise it during the entire promotion.

It is possible to win a car at the casino, but it is not so easy as it might seem at first glance. Even if the player manages to win a car, he does not always have the ability to pay the state all the taxes that rely on winnings.

Some casinos pay only 30-40% of the cost of a car. It depends on the financial capabilities of the club: the more solid it is, the better the shares. There is a chance to win a car. Visitors are attracted by this opportunity. For example, only a client came to spin the reels and found out that he was a participant in the promotion. And after a while he finds out that it was he who got the coveted prize. For example, Favbet Casino often creates different promotions and bonuses in which you can participate.

How to become the owner of the won car?

Today, car raffles in online casinos have become common. In order to win a car, you need to closely follow the promotions and draws of well-known online casinos. Large institutions from time to time provide their visitors with a unique chance. Online casinos develop and operate according to slightly different rules than real casinos. In this regard, just before the car draw, they hold a large-scale promotion that allows players to learn about the upcoming event. Advertising is directed in several directions: specialized websites are developed, business cards are used, news publications and social networks are used, which indicate the detailed conditions for drawing a car. If you want to enjoy the game and get a car at the same time – go for it! It’s actually easy to win a car if the wheel of fortune is in your favor. There is a difficulty regarding the law, or rather taxes. The casino will give the keys to the owner of the car, because it has received a profit and new customers. But, the lucky one will have to pay tax. However, it is quite large. Before the adoption of the bill to ban gambling, many criminal cases were opened in the country due to the fact that cars were re-registered to fake owners. Because of this, most players prefer to receive a cash prize. It’s easier, and there will be no problems with taxes. At the moment, if you win, you need to pay 11%. By the way, in the US, the tax on winnings is 60%.

It is worth noting that online casinos also raffle machines. The institution conducts an advertising campaign to attract players. Of course, you need to make a certain profit, after which you can choose a new car owner.

It is worth participating in such a draw, since everyone has an equal chance. Reputable establishments value their reputation, which means that they conduct promotions honestly and do not deceive players. A car will not be superfluous, because it can always be sold if financial problems arise.

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The most well-known companies that make motorhomes on wheels and that are popular in the United States are: Motorhome Class A and Diesel-Pusher Class A, Winnebago, Newell Coach, and Forest River. The cost of these luxury motorhome models starts at $300,000. Typically, these vehicles are equipped with diesel engines ranging from 8 to 15 liters with horsepower from 350 to 600.

As a rule, all expensive motorhomes on wheels have luxurious interior, good marble floors, flat-screen TVs, built-in kitchen and bedroom furniture, as well as refrigerators with built-in ice generator and many other things.

All of this is done to ensure that travelers are not bothered by anything during a long trip. Even when the tarmac runs out, too.

Berkshire Forest River motorhome
This motorhome will be very uncomfortable when parking it in small communities. Here’s the thing, its length is 12 meters. The motorhome is equipped with a 6.7-liter turbo-diesel engine with 345 hp.

The interior of this Berkshire Forest River is luxurious and exclusive. Its marble flooring is a special highlight. Large leather armchairs give the motorhome and its interior a unique look.
The mobile home has a huge spacious kitchen with a refrigerator and ice maker.

The World’s Most Expensive Motorhome – Newell Coach
The Newell Coach Company makes the world’s most expensive motorhomes on wheels. Paying about $2 million, a customer gets a five-star hotel on wheels.

The Newell Coach is equipped with a 600 hp Cummins ISX diesel engine.
The interior of the bus is finished with modern materials according to a special design project.
The bedroom has a large double bed.
In this palace on wheels even the kitchen must be up to par and look great as well.
At the customer’s request, the interior of the bus can be made in light colors of natural wood.
Flat-screen TVs, if desired, can be built into any room of such motorhome.

As an additional option, even an office is available in Newell Coach motorhome.

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The cost of a single ticket in different locations in the U.S. ranges from 1.25 to 2 dollars. The time of day also affects the price. Fares in each case approved by the local municipality. If it is necessary to make a change, you buy a ticket – the driver gives a coupon valid for the entire trip. The daily ticket costs $3, is purchased from the driver and is valid on all routes of all companies in the area (except the most remote suburbs). When changing from the Metro to the bus, passengers pay a fee (35-50 cents) and give the driver a transfer ticket. An express bus fare is $3 and $1 if you have a bus pass. 75 cents. You can find ticket vending machines on the streets. They accept coins and bills of all kinds, up to $20, but you can get change only in coins. You can also pay with bank or credit cards.

The amount and distribution of fare money for people with disabilities is set at the federal level. In the United States you can count on two types of benefits: people with disabilities and military and civilian veterans. In some cities, schoolchildren are eligible. All benefits are subsidized by the federal budget, from where the money goes to municipalities, which distribute it directly to all those in need. As a result, the passengers who are at a disadvantage get on the bus with a ticket. Thus, compensation goes directly to its purchase. Beneficiaries do pay for the fare; usually the discount is 50%, and in some cities, such as San Francisco, even more. Cities where seniors are given free fare can be counted on the fingers. The exception is the state of Pennsylvania, where the beneficiaries ride free, but only during off-peak hours and weekends, during “rush hours” they have to pay the full price along with everyone else. In Pennsylvania, this program is funded by a percentage of the proceeds from the sale of state cash lottery tickets. The Fairfax Connector buses serving the western suburbs of Washington recently introduced a free ride for one person accompanying a disabled person, with the disabled person paying the allowance for themselves.

Passengers can use various types of weekly or monthly passes. These are documents for two or three types of travel, or for individual modes of transport. Tickets are well protected against counterfeiting. On bus lines, controls are in place. In turn, the control service of the municipalities travels to transport companies and conducts inspections – looks at how passengers are provided with tickets, how regularly buses work, whether all of them have constant communication with the dispatcher, checks the quality of service, and so on.

The bus stops are quite close to each other, about two or three blocks away, almost like ours. All stops are “on demand. To get off, you must press a special ribbon running between the windows of the bus, or pull the cord stretched across the interior of the bus over the windows. In large cities, buses move very slowly, which is due to the layout of the streets, many intersections with traffic lights.

Intervals on the routes are completely different, it all depends on local conditions. It can be an hour, or two minutes. Shortened trips due to traffic jams or emergencies are possible, in which case a reserve bus is provided to restore normal intervals, starting in the middle of the route or other section and continuing to the end of the route.

There are also municipal buses to airports, for example, in Washington, D.C., it’s a $3 express route right from downtown to Dulles Airport. Small class buses at airports are engaged in distribution to hotels or just taking passengers to the destination, they are not shuttles in our sense, but almost cabs, only with fellow passengers and for this reason they are cheaper than regular cabs. But they charge for each passenger, so it makes no sense to take three people to one place, for the same or maybe even a little less money a normal cab will take you without any hitchhikers.

Buses run strictly according to the schedule. The driver’s labor and rest schedule is almost the same as in our country. The only difference is that in the U.S. there are no conductors at all. The driver himself collects the proceeds and gives them away. Tickets are well protected against counterfeiting, which is served by a magnetic strip. This is due to the fact that some time ago counterfeit tickets were widely used in America, but when appropriate measures were taken, the problem disappeared.

The driver is dressed in uniform, has a personal number, has communication with the police and ambulance, and announces stops. The air conditioner works in summer and the heater in winter. This is mandatory, otherwise the bus won’t get on the line. It won’t get on the line even because of the slightest, most insignificant breakdown. If something happens on the road, all passengers are transferred to another bus, and the broken one is released immediately.

In the buses Americans do not give up their seats to each other, at least such examples are rare. Everyone who sits down considers it his private area. By the way, and children are not accustomed to give way to adults. Driver labor is paid decently, usually more than $20 per hour, the amount depends on seniority and other factors. This is a government job, so there are all kinds of health insurance for all family members and a pension. Also can not fire him – the driver’s rear is securely covered by the union. The buses are very clean, no one makes noise, eats, listens to music loudly or hooligans. Otherwise, the bus stops and the driver immediately tidies up. Of course, there are all sorts of cases in certain areas, then the police are called immediately and you don’t have to wait long for them. Both women and men work as drivers with equal success.

There are many bus companies in the United States that carry passengers. The Greyhound Lines company is a well-known and large passenger carrier. It owns 400 large buses and transports people all over the country. Even so, Greyhound is no longer as monopolistic in intercity travel as it used to be, especially in the corridor from Washington to Boston, where numerous Chinese competitors operate. Tickets can be ordered in advance or purchased before departure at the ticket office. A one-way ticket is valid for 60 days. It is possible to make stops along the way. Amtrak is a monopolist in long-haul passenger transportation and receives state subsidies, otherwise it would not be able to survive at all. Greyhound Lines is the biggest carrier; it serves more than 3,100 cities in the USA, Canada and Mexico and carries 22 million passengers a year. There are more than 16,000 flights a day.

The company formed a partnership with Amtrak, which allows the latter to sell tickets to places with no passenger rail service – one ticket is valid for a train to a transfer point and then for a bus. Greyhound also works with numerous small bus companies, so if a passenger buys a Greyhound ticket, he or she will not necessarily travel on that particular company’s bus and with its emblem. Nor is it necessarily that having started a trip on one bus, he will finish it on the same bus, especially on long trips – buses will change, like locomotives on Russian railroads.

For long distances over 500 km in the USA, only those who are good with time and bad with money go by bus (excursions, school groups and the like by order, don’t count). Obviously, Greyhound Lines, which receives state subsidies, has almost no competitors here, except for some other companies’ sporadic trips of similar length.

For example, it takes 18 hours to get from Washington, D.C., to Chicago, and a one-way ticket costs $87. In comparison, a round-trip air ticket usually costs about $300, but there’s not much of a problem to find and for 150-200, all depends on the flight and departure date. International routes are also well developed, the same Greyhound operates not only in the U.S., but also in Canada and Mexico.

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1. You don’t pay anything for the buses.
   The government, or rather the taxpayers, pays for them. As you know, taxes in the U.S. are high and the entire tax system is very developed. You can’t hide “black” and “gray” income.
2. Strict rules for students
   At the beginning of the school year each student receives a card with all the information about the bus. Namely, the route number, your stop, the time and place to board/drop off, and general rules.

You can’t change the pick-up/drop-off location. It’s the same all year round.

If you want to go to a friend’s house after school, for example, you can’t do it without a special pass.

Just imagine, your parents need to write an application to the school administration stating that they are okay with you being able to take a different school bus to your friend’s house on a certain day.

3. safe ride
   Now, I want to touch on the topic of safety.

School buses are equipped with special STOP signs and a barrier stick.
When the bus stops, the bumper stick opens on the right side of the bumper to prevent a child from running out into the roadway in front of the bus.

Also, when the bus stops, the lights on the back of the bus flash and STOP signs are extended. This means that all cars must stop, even oncoming cars (oncoming cars can go only if there is a dividing line between the roads in the form of poles, roadblocks, etc.).

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It is no coincidence that a number of city municipalities in the country decided to give preference to hybrid buses over vehicles with engines running on liquefied natural gas. This is due to the fact that gas engines cannot be operated without the use of sophisticated, expensive equipment and specially equipped parks, where there are compressors, inspection boxes and refueling stations. In addition, since September 2000, the U.S. has been using diesel fuel with particularly low sulfur content. In the near future the country will get rid of engines that cause much air pollution, and all buses will be equipped with special filters that trap microscopic particles of soot, which, according to doctors, causes respiratory diseases. That is why it is increasingly common to see bus bodies painted a special color, such as green, or there is a sign on the outside indicating the use of “clean technology”.

Allison Transmissions achieved good results in the battle for ecology in 1989. Three years later the company applied hybrid systems to small models, and in 1999 it completed the second generation of this system for use on intercity buses. Parallel hybrid system Allison Electric Drives, includes two models: EP 40 – for single buses 10-12 m long, and EP 50 – for articulated vehicles 18-24 m long. The design of this device can be higher or lower capacity, which allows to adapt it for installation on buses of different classes. The advantages of the Er system include fuel economy of up to 50 percent, depending on the vehicle’s operating cycle, and a significant reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide.

If the bus uses an eco-friendly, electronically controlled engine running on low-sulfur fuel, the parallel hybrid system provides economic performance as good as compressed natural gas engines. It also runs quieter than a conventional engine equipped with an automatic transmission. Recently, the company’s specialists have been working on a design that implements the principle of a parallel hybrid system in HUSH mode (low noise and reduced hydrocarbon content). This will make it possible to operate the buses for a long time with practically zero emissions of toxic substances into the environment, moreover, without affecting the service life of the battery.

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